What Does Shakespeare Want His Audience To Think About the Character of Shylock Essay Example

What Does Shakespeare Want His Audience To Think About the Character of Shylock Essay Example What Does Shakespeare Want His Audience To Think About the Character of Shylock Essay What Does Shakespeare Want His Audience To Think About the Character of Shylock Essay Essay Topic: Play The play The Merchant of Venice was written by William Shakespeare some time between the late summer of 1596 and 1598. The play possesses several themes, firstly that of love versus greed. The play is a demonstration of the triumph of love and friendship over greed. Secondly, mercy versus justice and the law. This refers to the courtroom scene where Shylock is pleaded with to alter his adverse decision regarding Antonio and the pound of flesh even though law states he is fully entitled to justice. The third theme is of race and racial prejudice. Even today, four centuries after the play was written, arguments still rage over the controversial anti-Semitic text that many fell should not be taught in schools. There are also accusations that the play is an attack on prejudice. To fully understand the play and the controversy surrounding it, we must research into anti-Semitism in its historical context:- Anti-Semitic views have existed for centuries. An early act of anti-Semitism occurred in England in the 13th century when Jews were accused on many trumped up charges of killing children. Massacres of Jews occurred and eventually, in 1290, the entire Jewish community was expelled from England and were not allowed to return until the mid-seventeenth century. Therefore in Shakespeares time (16th century), England was a Jew-free country. This was mirrored in some European countries, and in some cities (including Venice) Jews lived in ghettos, separate walled parts of the city which were locked at night. With this common prejudice and ignorance, Shakespeares occasional portrayal of Shylock as a stereotypical Jew (cruel, greedy etc) is perhaps understandable. During Shakespeares time, the play was considered, by many, nothing more than a comedy. This shows vividly what the attitudes of Christians towards Jews were then. Also during this time, Christians could not, by law, lend money out a t interest, however Jews could. This consequently meant that Jews made profit from Christians, which angered Christians greatly. These anti-Semitic views, if not so strong, are still evident in this day and age with the constant fighting on the Gaza Strip between rebel Palestinians and Israeli military. Seldom does a month pass without hearing news of a car bomb exploding in Jerusalem or a little Jewish boy shot by a Hez Bolah gorilla. These racial tensions are not helped by the common jokes about Jews, for example the crude American cartoon series South Park where an eight-year-old Jewish boy, Kyal, is taunted by his friends over his religious beliefs. The character of Shylock demonstrates the stereotypical Elizabethan Jew. Hatred of Christians and the practice of usury (lending money out at interest). Although the latter is common place today, it was often frowned upon in Elizabethan times. Over the centuries, the way in which Shylock has been viewed has changed dramatically, probably more than any other Shakespearian character. In the 18th century he was considered an out-and-out villain, whereas in the 19th century people began to concentrate on the wrongs suffered by Shylock, and it even became fashionable to finish the play at the end of the trial scene. Editions in modern theatre are less extreme. In each scene of the play where Shylock makes an appearance, Shakespeare wants the audience to judge him. The opinions he tries to force on the audience vary from scene to scene, and sometimes vary inside an individual scene. We, the audience, first meet Shylock in act one scene three. In the two scenes prior to this, one and two, we learn that Bassanio, a Venetian gentleman, needs to borrow money from his good friend Antonio, the merchant of Venice, to impress a rich lady, Portia, whom he wishes to marry. However Antonios wealth is tied up in goods out at sea so they decide that they will ask Shylock for a loan. The scene opens with Bassanio and Shylock discussing the loan, and both men seem content. However, when Antonio enters the scene Shylocks mood switches. This is evident in his vicious aside:- How like a fawning publican he looks. I hate him for he is a Christian.. If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. In Shylocks aside, Shakespeare unveils his true hatred for Antonio and how he longs for revenge on him. In light of this the audience will view Shylock as a cruel and vindictive man. However, later in the scene, after some debating of the loan, Shylock tells of how Antonio has mistreated him in the past:- You call me misbeliever, cut-throat dog, And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine, you spat on me Wednesday last, Antonios response to these comments is:- I am as like to call thee so again, To spit on thee again, to spurn thee too. Here, Antonio makes it clear that he is glad of how he has treated Shylock, and expresses intentions to do it again. With this information of Antonios anti-Semitic actions towards Shylock in the past, how will they react to the pound of flesh bond? Even considering Antonios mistreatment of Shylock in the past, the audience are likely to accept Shylocks interpretation of the bond as a merry sport as there is nothing in the first two scenes to suggest other than a conventional comedy. Shylock indicates that the bond agreement is in the same spirit. As the curtain falls on this scene, the audience, in most cases, will agree that Shylock has good reason to hate Antonio, and that he is more a victim than a cruel man. The next scene of significance regarding Shylock is act two scene three, although Shylock himself is not present. It is a very brief scene in which Jessica, Shylocks daughter, gives a letter to Launcelot, Shylocks servant, for Lorenzo, a friend on Antonio who will elope with Jessica. Jessica gives reasons for her elopement with Lorenzo:- I am sorry thou wilt leave my father so: Our house is hell, and thou, a merry devil, .ashamed to be my fathers child. Jessica acquaints us with her unhappiness at home, and, although expresses sorrow for leaving her father, states that she dislikes his morals (manners) and is ashamed to be his daughter. Shakespeare, again, introduces reference to changing religion, when Jessica says:- If thou keep promise, I shall end this strife, Become a Christian and thy loving wife. Here, Shakespeare introduces the idea that Jessica will become happy if she becomes a Christian, raising the controversial issue of race and racial prejudice. With the combination of Jessica running-off and eloping with Lorenzo, and Jessica changing her religion, Shakespeare creates an effective feeling of isolation for Shylock. His own daughter has, not only eloped with the enemy, but become one of them by turning Christian. Even with Shylock absent from the scene, you help but feel sorry for him, as his own flesh and blood has betrayed him. Therefore, in this scene, as in act one scene three, Shylock appears more of a victim than a vengeful man. In act two scene six, Jessica, dressed as a boy, elopes with Lorenzo. Shylock, again not present is this scene, is dealt a further blow by his daughter, Jessica, who steals money and treasures from him before eloping with Lorenzo. In doing this Jessica, after just becoming a Christian, has broken two of the Ten Commandments, by failing to honour her father and stealing. Perhaps Shakespeare could be complementing the Jews, and Shylock by suggesting that Jessica has wronged because she has become a Christian. Similarly to act two scene three, Shylock has been betrayed by his own people (Jews), and more to the point his own daughter. Jessicas conflict of loyalty further emphasizes Shylocks isolation and the audience will recognise this and it will reinforce their sympathy with him. Act two scene eight, and a conversation between two of Antonios friends, Solanio and Salerio, which reveals several things. Through interpretation Solanio describes Shylocks outraged reaction to Jessica eloping with Lorenzo and stealing his money and jewels:- My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats! Justice! The law! My ducats, and my daughter! As this is a reported speech, the audience cannot be sure if it is true until later in the play. Obviously is it expected that Shylock will be upset, however, the interpretation from Solanio, at times with a hint of sarcasm, suggests that he only wants his daughter to return so he can get justice, and if this is proven to be the case later in the play, the audience will start to wonder if Shylock is worthy of their sympathy. So on this scene the audience will be caught in two minds, if they do not believe that Shylock reacted in the way that Solanio suggested, then they will still see Shylock as a victim, probably more so, but if they deem Solanios interpretation true, they will start to view Shylock less as a victim and more as a villain. Shakespeare probably toys with the audience like this on purpose so that they are intrigued, and want to find out which side of Shylock will show through later in the play. This refers to the love versus greed theme, which does he care about more his daughter or his ducats? Act three scene one is a key scene involving Shylock. The deadline for the bond repayment is fast approaching and the likelihood is that Antonios ships will be lost. The scene opens with Solanio and Salerio discussing the bad fortunes of Antonios ships at sea, and then Shylock enters the scene. His first comments suggest that he is genuinely concerned about his daughter, and especially that her flight seems to be a source of entertainment for Solanio and Salerio, who draw a distinction between Shylock and his daughter, by comparing his blood to rhenish, a white wine:- Shylock:- I say my daughter is my flesh and blood. Salerio:- There is more difference between thy flesh and hers, than between jet and ivory; more between your bloods, than there is between red wine and rhenish. At this, a very early stage of the scene, the audience will begin to think that Solanios interpretation of Shylocks reaction to Jessicas elopement with Lorenzo was false, and indeed, will agree that Shylock values his daughter above his wealth. After Solanio and Salerio tease Shylock, they inform him that one of Antonios ships has sunk. For Shylock, this adds insult to injury, his daughter has eloped with a Christian, become a Christian herself, stolen much of his valuables and now Antonio will be unable to pay back the loan. This annoys Shylock:- There I have another bad match, a bankrupt. He was wont to lend money for a Christian courtesy, let him look to his bond. Here, Shylock suggests, for the first time in the play, that he will take a pound of Antonios flesh. Salerio asks him:- ..whats that good for? Shylock responds to the question viciously, and describes, in far more detail than in act one scene three, how Antonio has made him suffer in the past:- ..He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million, laughed at my losses, mocked my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies, and whats his reason? I am a Jew. Here, Shakespeare shows the side of Shylock as a victim very strongly, and goes on to make a point that people tend to forget amidst all the racial prejudice, Jews and Christians alike are both human beings:- .Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions, senses, affections, passions?. ..If you prick us do we not bleed?. This heavy-hearted response portrays Shylock, and all Jews, as victims of racial prejudice, and consequently the audience will take pity on Shylock. With the audience firmly on his side, Shylock reveals his plans regarding the bond, with reasons:- If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example? Why revenge. The villany you teach me I will execute, Here, Shylock argues that if he goes ahead with the bond, and takes a pound of flesh from Antonio, it will be under the influence of Christians acting violently against him. Tubal, Shylocks colleague, enters the scene, he has been in Genoa searching for Jessica. He informs Shylock that he has not found her, this throws Shylock into a rage:- Two thousand ducats in that, and other, precious, precious jewels. I would my daughter were dead at my foot, and the jewels in her ear. A sudden outburst from Shylock and the sympathy the audience had for him quickly evaporates. He has just proven Solanios interpretation correct, it now appears he values his money and jewels above his daughter. His eagerness for revenge also fuels the audience change in attitude. This already negative attitude of the audience towards Shylock, created by Shakespeare, is made worse when Tubal confirms Antonios losses at sea:- What, what, what? Ill luck, ill luck? And goes to say:- I thank God, I thank God. Shylock is overjoyed at the news of Antonios losses. Tubal then informs Shylock that Jessica spent in Genoa and the time and amount; one night fourscore ducats. Shylocks response to this is:- Thou stickst a dagger in me. I shall never see my gold again. Shylocks response further emphasises the fact that he values money over his daughter. Turning the audience further against him. Shylock then goes on to say how he will take pleasure in acting out the bond:- .Ill plague him, Ill torture him. I am glad of it. This scene began well, as regards Shylocks reputation with the audience, with the audience taking pity on him for the way Antonio has treated him in the past, and because he is subject to racial prejudice because hes a Jew. He is seen by the audience as an outcast and a victim of anti-Semitism. However, his chilling comments about his daughter, his joy over Antonios losses, and his pleasure of plotting to act out the bond turn the audience strongly against him, and his vicious, cruel, greedy and revengeful side comes to the for. Act three scene three sees Antonio make a last, and as it turns out, useless plea to Shylock. Shylock made it clear in act three scene one that he would demand the forfeit of the bond, and Antonio is unsuccessful at persuading him otherwise. There is no reason, technically speaking, why Shylock should not demand the forfeit of the bond, it is the course of law Antonio admits. However, it raises one of the themes of the play, mercy versus justice. Shylock shows that there is no mercy for Antonio in his heart:- Antonio:- I pray thee hear me speak. Shylock:- Ill have my bond. I will not hear thee speak. Ill have my bond, and therefore speak no more. For the audience, this scene is merely a reinforcement of their disliking of Shylock, as his cruel and greedy side comes through strongly again. Act four scene one, and the court room scene. Antonio is brought to trial so that Shylock may claim the forfeit of his bond. The Duke and Antonios friends plead with Shylock, and at one point Bassanio offers Shylock six thousand ducats, double the loan given to Antonio. Shylocks rejection of these pleas confirms his decision on the mercy versus justice theme, he wants justice, not an audience pleasing choice. Even though everyone in the court is against Shylock, other than himself, it looks as though he will get his way and will be granted the forfeiture of the bond. But then Portia enters the court. She is disguised as a doctor of law, Shylock has been tricked. The audience will pick up on this and initially will be glad as it could mean a cancellation of the bond, against Shylocks wishes. Portias first actions are to, like the Duke, plead with Shylock for mercy:- Then must the Jew be merciful. Shylocks response to this is:- On what compulsion must I? Tell me that. Portias responds with:- The quality of mercy is not strained, It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven Upon the place beneath. It is twice blessed, Here, Portia tells Shylock that if he gives mercy, both he and Antonio will be rewarded. Later in her speech she also calls mercy an attribute to God himself. This carefully structured reasoning from Portia is not nearly enough to persuade Shylock. At this point, Shakespeare wants the audience to despise Shylock more than at any other part of the play. This is because next, Portia grants Shylock his demand of the forfeiture of the bond. Shakespeare has built up the hatred for Shylock in the audience for this moment. However, Portia demands to inspect the bond, and on doing so finds a fault in it. She realises this just before the bond forfeiture will take place, and by this time Shylock, and everyone else in the court, is convinced that the verdict is final. Portia states:- Tarry a little, there is something else. This bond doth give thee here no jot of blood, One drop of Christian blood, they land and goods Are by the laws of Venice confiscate Unto the state of Venice. Portia has told Shylock that in taking a pound of flesh, he must not shed a single drop of blood or his possessions will become the property of the state of Venice. At this point, Shakespeare will want his audience to be happy at the rejection of the bond, although he will want them to still see Shylock as a cruel person for his evil ways earlier in the play, and earlier in this scene. However, Portia deals Shylock another blow. She announces that he cannot have his money either, by law, as he rejected it openly in the court:- He hath refused it in the open court. He shall have merely justice and his bond. For the audience, this will fuel their amusement at Shylocks misfortune. Shakespeare will want them to feel that Shylock deserves the rejection of the money, again for his evil actions earlier in the play. The audience are now satisfied, but the Christians in the court are not. Portia tells Shylock:- Tarry Jew, The law hath yet another hold on you. .If it be proved against an alien That by direct, or indirect attempts He seek the life of any citizen, The party gainst the which he doth contrive Shall seize one half of his goods,. Portia tells Shylock, whom she calls an alien, that if he has attempted to kill a citizen (Antonio), the victim is entitled to half of his belongings. Finally, Antonio is asked if he can give Shylock any mercy. He says that he wants the fine of half of Shylocks goods cancelled, it appears Antonio is showing Shylock mercy, and that Shakespeare could perhaps be demonstrating that Christians have qualities that Jews do not (mercy), but he then demands something else of Shylock:- He presently become a Christian. For the first time in the scene, and at the end of Shylocks presence, Shakespeare wants the audience to feel sorry for Shylock. He has been forced to change his religion. Back in Elizabethan times religion was very strong, it was the absolute truth, and to ask someone to change their beliefs was horrific. For Shylock it may as well have been the death penalty. In a grossly unfair trial, with a fake doctor of law, and everyone else on Antonios side anyway, Shylock, in the end, comes across as a victim of racial prejudice, and this is what Shakespeare wanted to demonstrate.

Travel Motivation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Travel Motivation - Essay Example With the changes in the structure of the society, more purchasing power in the hands of the people, rightly associated with more stress, tourism worldwide has grown beyond proportions. It is now declared as an industry like any other industry. Motivation has always been an important consideration in the field of tourism (Pearce & Lee, 2005). Motivation is seen as the driving force behind all actions. Travel motivation is challenging because of the different human needs. The purpose of travel is no more just business or pleasure. The tourist visitation patterns and the result of a destination choice pattern are influenced by the tourists’ motives and backgrounds. Tourist motivation can be defined "as the global integrating network of biological and cultural forces which gives value and direction to travel choices, behavior and experience" (Pearce, Morrison & Rutledge, 1998 cited by Espinoza). A desire for novelty and difference, the curiosity to remove the myths about exotic pl aces gives tourism a boost. Tourism ranges from Jerusalem to Bangkok and shapes politics, creates identities, and manufactures history. Today we hear of spiritual tourism, health tourism, nature tourism, casino tourism, sex tourism, dark or grief tourism, sustainable tourism, eco-tourism, adventure tourism, space tourism and heritage tourism. This paper will discuss how different forms of tourism have come into existence to meet different needs of the tourists especially in the context of New York as a tourist destination. Market segmentation in the tourism industry is based on travel motivation factors. A study conducted on Switzerland as a destination revealed that the number of leisure trips that any person undertook and the duration of the trips have reduced. These have been related to significant time constraints in certain segments of the traveling public. This is an indication that Switzerland’s travel market has entered the maturity stage. It also demonstrates that

Forces of magnetism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forces of magnetism - Assignment Example Setback for magnet program occurs when hospitals lack the unison in rendering of these services to all hospitals. Programs for private and public nursing institutions do not operate at different policies. Good communication between the administration and the nurses lacks as there is no consultation in making of decisions. Endorsement of nurse empowerment goals is not successful as a result of high handedness where a nurse was fired for leading a drive for magnetic status. Changes at the hospitals leads to short-staffing and exclusion of nurses from decision making. There are complaints that the program is not monitoring compliance effectively and is used as a tool for promotion. Magnet hospitals lack improved working environment than non-magnetic hospitals (Nather, 2010). Lack of accomplishment of magnetic forces policies in hospitals or organizations will lead to enhancement of hospital policies to care for and support nurses. These policies include: zero tolerance for abuse of measures and practices, addressing nurse exhaustion adequately. Cases of assault and sexual harassment of nurses at hospitals should be pursued. Each institution should have suitable lifting equipment and no lift policies. Patient assignments in admission and discharge ought to count as 2 patients to account for the high death connected with bed turnover. Magnet hospitals ought to have needless IV systems and protected needles for safety in rendering of services (Chotaw,

God - Religion Essay Example for Free

God Religion Essay 1. Metaphysics Metaphysics is the study of â€Å"reality. † More specifically it is the study of reality that is beyond the scientific or mathematical realms. The term â€Å"metaphysics† itself literally means â€Å"beyond the physical. † The metaphysical issues most discussed are the existence of God, the soul, and the afterlife. 2. Epistemology This philosophy study concerns human knowledge: what knowledge is, what the conditions are which make human knowledge possible and the extent to which human knowledge can grasp or reach. 3. Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are good and those that are bad. Morality can be a body of standards or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular philosophy, religion, culture, etc. , or it can derive from a standard that a person believes should be universal. 4. Philosophy of God God is characterized as the metaphysically ultimate being (the first, timeless, absolutely simple, and sovereign being, who is devoid of any anthropomorphic qualities), in distinction to other conceptions such as Theistic Personalism, Open Theism, and Process Theism. Despite extensive writing on the nature of God, these classical theists did not believe that God could be defined. They believed that it would contradict the transcendent nature of God for mere humans to define him. 5. Philosophy of Religion is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the philosophical study of religion, including arguments over the nature and existence of God, religious language, miracles, prayer, the problem of evil, and the relationship between religion and other value-systems such as science and ethics. Philosophy of Religion is the branch of philosophy that is concerned with the philosophical study of religion, including arguments over the nature and existence of God, religious language, miracles, prayer, the problem of evil, and the relationship between religion and other value-systems such as science and ethics.

Essay About Family: Waiting for Papaw :: Personal Narrative Family Grandfathers Essays

Waiting for Papaw I am under the belief that the concept of time as we know it, does not exist in hospitals. Upon entering, one loses all sense of what time it is, what day of the week it is, and how long they’ve been there. Hospitals are places of healing, of caring, of great medical advancements and live saving procedures. They are a place of second chances, of last chances, and sometimes very little chance at all. They are also a place for dying. I learned all of this and then some during the eighteen days in December that I spent at my grandfather’s bedside in Holy Spirit Hospital. My grandfather went into the hospital with the symptoms of a stroke on Saturday, December 13, 2003. He spent the first 4 days of his stay in a coma, induced by the doctors’ misdiagnosis of his condition. My grandfather had not had a stroke, in fact he had a condition in which his liver was overloaded with toxins and was shutting down. It was a problem he’d been suffering from for quite some time; however, none of his doctors had diagnosed his symptoms correctly. The sedative they gave him upon arrival in the emergency room only worsened his condition. Upon waking up, he had to be restrained to prevent him from removing his IVs and attempting to get out of bed. He improved steadily over the next few days, and we were expecting to have him home soon. Unfortunately, he was left unrestrained one evening and was able to remove his IV, catheter, and then climb out of bed. The nurses found him on the floor of his bathroom. How long he was there, we’ll never know, becaus e the time the nurses told us he was found, we know is not correct. He was given another dose of a sedative which caused him to be extremely disoriented the following morning, yet his old self was still shining through. â€Å"Papaw,† I asked upon arriving in his room that morning, â€Å"Why are you so tired today?† â€Å"Because I made 300 faustnauhts last night.† He replied without hesitation. Now, I can imagine that anyone would be tired from that, but where my grandfather came up with the word â€Å"faustnauht† instead of â€Å"donut†, I’ll never know. On Christmas Eve, after spending eleven days in the same hospital bed, he lost circulation in his left leg and had to undergo surgery.

Czech National Gymnastics Organization

From 1860 to 1940 the role of organized sports in Europe greatly expanded and grew in popularity. The participation in sports flourished, as so did competition, especially with the development of the Olympic games. The impacts of these organized sports was a positive advance in Europe that furthered nationalist patriotism through unification, encouraged morality, and created a true understanding of the importance of physical health. A strong sense of national pride was cultivated through sports, which can be seen in military effects.The Czechs saw the importance of sports as a way to create the perfect soldier. Miroslav Tyrs, the cofounder of the Czech National Gymnastics Organization stated that the training of athlete produced â€Å"an unbreachable defense on which the assaults of our foes will be shattered. † (Document 1). Sports was seen as symbolic of war and was advertised as a game through British propaganda (Document 6). Soon sports became the training ground, one whic h was waged against the rest of the world through the Olympic Game.According to Martin Berner, a Berlin journalist in the 1913 article, â€Å"The Olympic games are a war a real war†, â€Å"that gives enough insight into world ranking† (Document 5). Moreover, Japanese traveler Y. Mihashi stated that after his viewing of a Denmark gymnastics competition in 1930 that the athletes were like â€Å"statues come to life, with unbelievable living rhythm† (Document 9). Mihashi also spoke of the ecstasy of the spectators, cheering for their country, and the sense of national pride instilled in them.However, Sir Robert Baden Powell, founder of the boy scouts, criticized the obsessions of spectators in 1908, stating that the games often became vicious and would turn the players into aggressive figures (Document 30). The negative effect sports did have on spectators did not weaken the fact that sports did unify Europe and that the spectators were cheering in unison, but only in a rather un-orderly way. A stricter sense of morality was introduced throughout the role of organized sports as an outcome of its popularity.Sir Baden-Powell encouraged the playing of sports since it was â€Å"the best training for the game of life† â€Å"developing a lad physically and morally, for he learns to play with good temper and unselfishness† (Document 3). An African delegate of a British colony in 1910 said that in sports lay â€Å"perfect union† and â€Å"a complete subordination of the self† (Document 4). The delegate also precluded that in order for one's country to succeed in life they must be able to attain unification through the use of organized sports.Besides the development of a strong sense of pride in one's country and the stricter enforcements of morals, sports also encouraged the improvements of physical health. In not only men but also in women, which furthered the idea of women’s equality through Europe. Soviet Physici an Nikolai Semashko in 1928 stated that â€Å"physical culture in the soviet understanding is concerned not with record breaking but with people’s physical health†¦ has personal and social hygiene as it’s major objective. † (Semashko, Doc. ) The Soviet’s sports were seen as an integral part of the revolution, improving the well being of all citizens. The role of women also was integrated into the idea of sports and physical involvement, in 1910 women were accepted as part of the Czech gymnastics organization (doc 2), were seen to be needing the same physical training as a man (Doc 10) thereby further establishing a sense of physical equality in 1930, Germany, supported by German physician Alice Profe. And the support of female athletes on a competitive level can be seen by the appearance of females in gymnastics in the 1880’s (Doc 12).Seen to encourage â€Å"courage and agility in women which was traditionally seen as a solely male attribute. Although sports fostered a nationalist attitude it was also seen to encourage peaceful national ties. In â€Å"Peace through sport† from the British National Workers Sports Association in 1935, the international games encouraged peace between nations through â€Å"friendly rivalry between our continental brothers and ourselves on the sports field†¦ it will be much better easier to talk peace and infinitely harder †¦ to stir up war against eachother. (Doc 11). The organized sports of the time period between 1860 and 1940 helped create a sense of national pride, encouraged morality and physical well being, a sense of comradery, women’s equality, as well as peaceful relations between countries, resulting in many advances culturally and socially throughout Europe. .

Persepolis The Other Perspective Of Iran - 1449 Words

The purpose of Persepolis is to show the other perspective of Iran. Furthermore, the book interprets what life may be like, and that it is not a country made up of fundamentalists and terrorists. Along with that, it is to demonstrate the misconceptions from the outside looking in, and that the interpretations of the country by the West are very much mistaken. To start with, Iran was facing many changes with ruling and religion along with many other issues. The author of this book is a ten year old girl going through a large cultural revolution which was very confusing for her and other people at the time. Protests where happening all around the area they were living in which was for and against the revolution. Marjane’s mother was against the revolution changes. Her mother’s picture happened to appear all over Europe when she was protesting. This was very frightening for her after that had happened. In addition, Marjane had a belief that one day she would become a prof it, even further, the last prophet. In the reading it showed how she was talking to God about her different ideas and what her plan of action was. Her main goal she had was to have three symbols that she identified as justice, love, and the wrath of God. Her hopes were very high, but others teased her for her ideas. Marjane wasn’t really your typical ten-year-old in some aspects. She liked to read many books and tried teaching herself what was going on with rulers and important revolutionary figures thatShow MoreRelatedPersepolis : A Child s Perspective1222 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Iran was the epitome of evil† This was the world’s view of Iran during its revolution. Persepolis is the autobiography of Marjane Satrapi, and it is written from a child’s perspective. Telling Persepolis from a child’s perspective affects the empathy a reader would have for Marji because people often feel more sympathy for children than other adults. Children are o ften seen as innocent, impressionable, and kind. This places them in a separate category where they are often judged as innocentRead MoreThe Iranian Revolution And The Revolutionary Revolution1313 Words   |  6 PagesRevolution was its climax in 1979 with the Revolutionary goal being met by its supports. Supporters of the revolution stood mixed in their goals for a new Iran. The Islamic Extremist lead by Ayatollah Khomeini wanted to install an Islamic regime inside of Iran that would follow Islamic law. Religious clerics viewed the Shah as not being a positive leader of Iran and wanted him overthrown and the country left as is. Iranians such as the middle class and students wanted to install an Islamic republic in placeRead MoreMarjane Satrapi s Persepolis 1646 Words   |  7 Pages Marjane Satrapi’s graphic novel Persepolis is an expressive memoir of her growing up in Iran during the Islamic Revolution, the fall of the Shah’s regime and the Iran-Iraq War. Unlike conventional memoirs, she uses the black-and-white comic book form to find her identity through politics and her personal experiences in Iran and it has become effective and relevant in today’s society because she is a normal person that has had to live through extreme circumstances. Marjane has contributed to a wholeRead MoreThe Rise Of The Iranian Revolution1375 Words   |  6 Pageswas its climax in 1979 with the Revolutionary goal being met by its supports. Supporters of the revolution were very mixed in their goals for a new Iran. The Islamic Extremist lead by Ayatollah Khomeini wanted to install an Islamic regime inside of Iran that would follow Islamic law. Religious clerics viewed the Shah as not being a positive leader for Iran and wanted him overthrown and the country left as is. Iranians such as the middle class and students wanted to install an Islamic republic in placeRead MorePersepolis : The Story Of A Childhood1164 Words   |  5 Pagesor a situation. In th e autobiographical graphic novel, Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood by Marjane Satrapi, readers are able to focus on the honesty and emotion of stories to capture their own opinion on Iranians rather than previous assumptions. During the time of the novel, Marjane weaves through childhood in an environment that is full of war and political conflict. Slowly Iran turns into a physical and mental prison, and, like many other Iranians, Marjane struggles between finding herself andRead MoreThe Iranian Revolution Of Iran1317 Words   |  6 Pageswas at its climax in 1979 with the Revolutionary goal being met by it’s supports. Supporters of the revolution stood mixed in their goals for a new Iran. The Islamic Extremist lead by Ayatollah Khomeini wanted to install an Islamic regime inside of Iran that would follow Islamic law. Religious clerics viewed the Shah as not being a positive leader of Iran and wanted him overthrown and the country left as is. Iranians such as the middle class and students wanted to install an Islamic republic in placeRead MorePersepolis Reflection Paper1578 Words   |  7 PagesDuring our â€Å"Interactive Oral Discussion† regarding Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi the class discussed many topics. As a group, we began by talking about the genre of the graphic novel. The artistic style and technique used by Satrapi was addressed specifically. I mentioned that I appreciated the mono color, by using black and white it effected the readers by making the text more serious. Another comment was added; the use of minimal color was effective. Another main topic discussed was the characterizationRead MoreMarjane Satrapis Persepolis: A Personal Version and Vision of the Iranian Revolution1341 Words   |  5 PagesPersepolis: Marjane Satrapis personal version and vision of the Iranian Revolution Marjane Satrapis Persepolis is a graphic novel that suggests that there is a sharp discrepancy between the world of the Iranian Revolution, as depicted in the Western media, versus how many Iranians experienced it in the context of their own lives. Satrapi was the product of a liberal home environment. Behind closed doors, the life the young Marjane led was often very different from the images of burka-wearingRead MoreAnalysis Of Persepolis And The Sub Themes1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe personal nature of the story from the perspective of Marjane is one of the overarching themes within the book Persepolis, and the sub themes that will be displayed are revolution, imperialism, nationalism, religion, and social class. These themes can be related back to the main theme because of how they share traits between the book and the image themselves. The image shows Tehran, Iran after the election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, which was very controversial (AFP/GETTY, Online). Many people thoughtRead MorePersepolis Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesA Different Perspective of The Middle East As American singer-song writer Duncan Sheik once said, â€Å"It’s inevitable your environment will influence what you do.† It is not a secret that the environment a person grows up in helps shape their views of the world and how he or she perceives different issues. The United State of America are known as the melting pot. We have many cultures and races all living within the same cities working together peacefully for the most part. To outsiders America is